The probability of catastrophic account drawdown given your current trading parameters. Most traders never calculate this. The ones who do, trade differently.
Expectancy is the average R you expect to make per trade given your win rate and average win/loss. Positive expectancy means a profitable edge exists — but only if your sample size is large enough (20+ trades minimum) and you execute consistently.
Risk of Ruin is calculated using the Kelly Criterion approach: the probability that a series of losing trades, even with a positive edge, will reduce your account to a given threshold before it recovers. A 5% per trade risk with 40% win rate and 1:1.5 RR gives roughly 38% probability of halving your account. Most traders would quit at that point.
The lesson: risk per trade is the single most powerful lever. Dropping from 5% to 1% per trade typically cuts your ruin probability by more than 10× even with an identical edge. Smaller size, same edge, longer runway.